40 CFR Part 146 Subpart H (Class VI Rule)
EPA's legal spine for geologic sequestration wells covering site criteria, Area of Review modeling, injection pressures, monitoring, and post-injection site care.
Access resourceCarbon Sequestration Resource Hub
Geologic CO₂ storage hinges on Class VI compliance, state primacy programs, and the technical literature that proves containment. This hub brings those references together for subsurface, legal, and finance teams.
Use it as the backbone for permitting strategies, RAG stacks, and diligence workflows before anyone says “world-leading” on a slide.
Federal Backbone
EPA's legal spine for geologic sequestration wells covering site criteria, Area of Review modeling, injection pressures, monitoring, and post-injection site care.
Access resourcePlain-language explainer that contrasts Class VI with EOR wells and outlines how the UIC program protects USDWs during CO₂ storage.
Access resourceLanding page collecting the issued guidance docs operators actually follow when characterizing sites, modeling plumes, and planning closure.
Access resourceStep-by-step expectations for seismic, geologic, and petrophysical data needed to prove a Class VI site can contain plume and pressure.
Access resourceDefines AoR modeling, pressure front delineation, and corrective action planning so legacy wells do not become leakage pathways.
Access resourceHow to design monitoring networks, demonstrate non-endangerment, and transition into post-injection site care.
Access resourceCongressional Research Service brief summarizing permitting mechanics, primacy requirements, and state implementation status as of 2024.
Access resourcePolicy primer covering CCS process flow, DOE programs, EPA oversight, and how 45Q ties into deployment.
Access resourceDefines "secure geological storage" for tax purposes and lays out credit levels, MRV (Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification) expectations, and record-keeping rules.
Access resourceFinancing-oriented guide clarifying when Class VI projects qualify for 45Q and how MRV (Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification) plans tie to credit integrity.
Access resourceState Primacy & Statutes
Realtime list of states with primary enforcement authority across UIC classes, including Class VI approvals and pending applications.
Access resourceState-run portal for the first approved Class VI primacy program, including application forms, technical guidance, and contact points.
Access resourceProgram page detailing Wyoming's Class VI application requirements, modeling expectations, and public notice process.
Access resourceFederal Register notice granting Arizona full UIC primacy, including Class VI, and summarizing the approved rule set.
Access resourceHolland & Knight analysis explaining Texas' newly approved primacy, timelines, and how it reshapes Gulf Coast hub permitting.
Access resourceTitle 30, Chapter 11 of Louisiana law: storage facility permits, pore space, eminent domain, and liability transfer to the state.
Access resourceStatutory language creating the dedicated trust fund used for long-term monitoring and remediation.
Access resourceLegal briefing on Louisiana's 2023 CCS bill, highlighting pore space provisions and local consultation requirements.
Access resourceGovernor's directive responding to community pushback, outlining additional review steps for CCS permits.
Access resourceHistory of how North Dakota and other states stood up CCS statutes, plus lessons learned for new primacy applicants.
Access resourceSurvey of southern-state CCS actions covering pore space, liability, revenue sharing, and incentives.
Access resourceComparative look at state CCS statutes, including pore space ownership, long-term care funds, and primacy objectives.
Access resourceKey Reports & Technical Docs
Canonical 2005 assessment covering capture pathways, geologic storage options, monitoring, risks, and economics.
Access resourceAnnual pipeline tracker showing operational, construction, and development-stage projects plus policy shifts worldwide.
Access resourceIndependent assessment of Sleipner, Snøhvit, Boundary Dam, Petra Nova, and other projects with performance takeaways.
Access resourceDepartment of Energy hub summarizing RCSPs, demonstration projects, and current storage R&D focus areas.
Access resourceSynthesis of two decades of DOE storage R&D covering saline pilots, depleted reservoirs, risk assessment tools, and monitoring advances.
Access resourceCost, deployment, and policy analysis detailing how CCS could scale under different assumptions and incentive regimes.
Access resourceSnapshot of DOE's CCS/CDR portfolio, highlighting storage reservoir priorities and technology readiness gaps.
Access resourceExplains why MRV (Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification), EPA reporting, and IRS compliance must align to keep Class VI projects financeable.
Access resourceClassic report on how storage projects interact with other subsurface uses such as oil, gas, groundwater, and minerals.
Access resourceAcademic Reviews
Massive review of all storage options, trapping mechanisms, monitoring methods, and outstanding research questions.
Access resourceEngineering journal overview connecting historical CCS deployment to future pathways and policy needs.
Access resourcePreprint synthesizing trapping mechanisms, monitoring technologies, and major demonstration projects.
Access resourceCase-based review covering Sleipner, Snøhvit, In Salah, Frio, Ketzin, and other formative saline storage pilots.
Access resourceWater Resources Research article on pressure buildup, brine displacement, and multi-scale modeling approaches.
Access resourceSurvey of trapping mechanisms, caprock integrity, induced seismicity, and operational challenges in saline plays.
Access resourceSystematic review spanning laboratory studies, numerical models, and field applications for CO₂ storage.
Access resourceEvaluates deployment data, benefits, limitations, leakage concerns, and whether CCS is keeping pace with climate goals.
Access resourceMDPI Energies review linking flow physics, THMC coupling, and remaining uncertainties before full-scale deployment.
Access resourceWhy This Matters
Class VI is the compliance backbone: if you are not designing to Subpart H plus the guidance memos, you are not storing carbon—you are gambling with USDWs.
State primacy is now the default for serious CCS hubs. Texas, Louisiana, and North Dakota want your pore space, but they also expect full AoR modeling and funding for long-term stewardship.
45Q dollars only flow when IRS definitions of secure geological storage line up with EPA monitoring and MRV (Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification) plans. Finance teams read those footnotes closely.
Two decades of DOE, NETL, IPCC, and academic work already map the error bars. Use them or repeat every experiment from scratch while the clock runs out.
If you are looking to partner with us on your next project, please contact us at info@envitrace.com.